tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7251775656110988412024-03-05T07:48:54.850-08:00Sentence StructureAn Anthology of Writing TipsAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10665813438716639933noreply@blogger.comBlogger7125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-725177565611098841.post-16942488199011754662014-03-04T05:47:00.000-08:002014-10-12T11:36:26.601-07:00Prepositional Phrases<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px; text-align: justify;">In a sentence prepositions show the relation of one word to another word. Prepositions require an object to complete them, typically a noun or a pronoun. A preposition and its object is called a prepositional phrase. Prepositional phrases can modify nouns, verbs, phrases, and complete clauses. </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Prepositional phrases are used as adjectives or adverbs:</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">A prepositional phrase acts as an adjective when it modifies (describes) a noun or a pronoun. When prepositional phrases are used as adjectives, the phrase comes immediately after the noun or pronoun it modifies. The phrase answers one of the following questions about the word it modifies: Which one? What kind of? How many? Whose?</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">A prepositional phrase acts as an adverb when it modifies (describes) a verb. When prepositional phrases are used as adverbs, they may be found in any place in the sentence. The adverb phrase tells: How, When, Where, or Under What Condition about a Verb, Adjective, or Adverb.</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Melanie eats breakfast every day in the garden.</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">The prepositional phrase,“in the garden,” tells where Melanie ate breakfast.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">The phrase is used as an adverb modifying the noun “garden.”</span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">My check for the book is in the mail. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">The prepositional phrase, "for the book,” tells which check. </span><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">The phrase is used as an adjective modifying the noun "check."</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The accountant at the bank seemed nervous. </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">The prepositional phrase,“at the bank,” tells what condition (nervous) about the verb seemed. </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">The phrase is used as an adverb</span><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">modifying the verb seemed.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The following words are the most commonly used prepositions:</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">about out instead of by</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">below until regarding in</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">excepting against despite at</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">off beyond because of of</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">toward outside through to</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">above inside within</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">beneath over down</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">except along without</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">near among before</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">under upon during</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">across around throughout</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">beside(s) past with regard to</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">from up to with respect to</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">onto since behind</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">underneath concerning for</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">after in spite of on</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">between in front of like</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">with up into</span></span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10665813438716639933noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-725177565611098841.post-1319762117697368792014-02-03T08:00:00.000-08:002014-10-12T11:39:53.117-07:00Participial Phrases<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">It's a phrase that begins with a present participle (ending in-ing) or past participle (ending in -en or -ed). A participle is a type of verbal, it is a word formed from a verb that is used as an adjective to modify nouns, but functions as another part of speech. A participial phrase is made up of the participle, its modifiers, and other words needed to complete the idea begun by the participle. It commonly functions as an adjective. </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">A participial phrase can be formed from relative clause, adverbial clause or a simple sentence. Besides, it can be in continuos form (being shown) or perfect form (having been shown). </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Like clauses, participial phrases can be restrictive or nonrestrictive. If the original clause is restrictive, the participial phrase formed from it will be also restrictive. Participial phrases are punctuated the same way as clauses; that is, it depends on whether the participial phrase is restrictive or nonrestrictive. A restrictive phrase is not punctuated with commas since it is necessary to correctly identify the noun phrase it modifies. However, a nonrestrictive phrase is punctuated by commas since it gives additional information about the noun it modifies. </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Working hard all year, the student finished his thesis by fall semester. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;"> - Working is the participle (functioning as an adjective, describing the student). </span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Stolen by the hackers, the passwords were changed at once. </span></span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> - Stolen is the participle (functioning as an adjective) describing the passwords.</span></span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Actors which have competed in the Grammy awards can early attend the ceremony. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;"> - (Perfect / restrictive participial phrase) </span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The books, that were being distributed in class, support students with learning difficulties. </span></span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> - (Continuos / nonrestrictive participial phrase)</span></span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10665813438716639933noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-725177565611098841.post-89281916285173178622013-12-09T10:30:00.000-08:002014-10-12T11:43:31.075-07:00Noun Phrases<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px; text-align: justify;">A noun phrase consists of at least the following elements: a determiner and a noun.</span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">A determiner is one of the following: an article (the, a, an, some, any), a quantifier (none, plenty of, a few, many, etc.), a possessive (my, your, whose, the man's, etc.), a demonstrative (this, that, these, those), a numeral (one, two, three etc.) or a question word (which, whose, how many, etc.).</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Except in some very rare cases, a noun can only be preceded by ONE determiner.</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">A noun phrase can also contain one or more modifiers; a modifier is an adjective, an adjectival phrase, a secondary noun, a prepositional phrase or a relative clause. </span></span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The principal noun in a noun phrase is called the head noun. Adjectives and adjective phrases are placed before the head noun, whereas prepositional phrases and relative clauses follow the head noun. </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Like a noun, a noun phrase can act as a subject, as the object of a verb or verbal, as a subject or object complement, or as the object of a preposition. </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><u>Subject:</u></i> Masters students often admit that they can’t finish their thesis by themselves.</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><u>Object of a verb:</u></i> To forget quickly and usually is Melissa’s habit.</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><u>Subject complement:</u></i> Neil Armstrong is the name of the astronaut not the scientist.</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><u>Object complement:</u></i> I consider Emma my best friend.</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><u>Object of a preposition</u></i>: The blue whale was found bleary near the beach.</span></span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10665813438716639933noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-725177565611098841.post-58386477878479144512013-11-11T09:00:00.000-08:002014-10-12T11:44:05.387-07:00Infinitive Phrases<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px; text-align: justify;">An infinitive is a type of verbal. It is the basic form of a verb, usually with-to in front of it. The infinitive is the present-tense form of a verb. Since infinitives are derived from verbs, they do express actions or states of being. We can use different forms of the infinitive to show different times: The miners is thought to have been working at the time of the earthquake.</span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Infinitives can also be in a passive form: The house needs to be redecorated.</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The infinitive phrase consists of an infinitive, its complement, its modifier, and the related words that follow it. </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Infinitive phrases may have their own subjects. The subject of an infinitive phrase is in the object form: Mary helped him to cut the tree.</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The infinitive phrase can function as an adjective, adverb, or a noun. When infinitives function as adjectives and adverbs, they are usually found preceding nouns and pronouns in sentences, and when they function as nouns, they are used as subjects, direct objects and objects of prepositions. Infinitives (to + verb) should not be confused with prepositional phrases (to + noun or pronoun). Infinitives may occur as to + one verb, or they may be part of an infinitive phrase.</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The book to review cautiously is on the shelf. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">(to review cautiously is the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">infinitive phrase that is </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">functioning as an adjective).</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> I am ready to walk hastily. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">(to walk hastily is the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">infinitive phrase that is </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">functioning as an adverb).</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The teacher came to help the students. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">(to help the students is </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">the infinitive phrase</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">that is functioning as </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">a noun).</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span></span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10665813438716639933noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-725177565611098841.post-77557367383311955802013-10-23T09:30:00.000-07:002014-10-12T11:50:47.742-07:00Verb Phrases<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px; text-align: justify;">A verb phrase is made up of a main verb and one or more helping verbs. </span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">A main verb can stand by itself as the simple predicate of a sentence while the helping verb cannot.</span></span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">A helping verb (also called an auxiliary verb) is a verb that is used together with the main verb of the sentence to convey the action, so it helps the verb be more precise. The helping verb will often be a form of the verb (to be), or the verb (to have) or the verb (will) to show action in the future. When there is a helping verb, the main verb is often a gerund (a form of the verb that ends in –ing) or a past participle (a form of the verb which often ends in –ed, –n, or–en). </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">On the other hand, the linking verb is a verb that connects the subject with an adjective or a noun that describes it.</span></span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Example: Anna got mad (the linking verb got connects the subject Anna with the adjective mad.</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The student has been writing essays all day. (Helping verb: has been; Main verb: writing) </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Amanda may run in the park. (Helping verb: may; Main verb: run)</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The man has gone. (Helping Verb: has; Main verb: gone)</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Did you throw it? (Helping Verb: did; Main Verb: throw)</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Helping Verbs:</span></span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Be Am Is Are Was Were Being Been</span></span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Have Has Had Do Does Did May Might </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">Must Can Could Shall Will Should Ought Would</span><br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10665813438716639933noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-725177565611098841.post-44824504933404326742013-09-10T11:30:00.000-07:002014-10-12T11:46:21.892-07:00Gerund Phrases<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px; text-align: justify;">The gerund phrase is a noun phrase that is introduced by a gerund. Gerunds are nouns formed from-ing verbs. The gerund phrase is made up of a gerund and all the words that can modify and complete it. The words or phrases that can modify a gerund are adjectives, adverbs, prepositional phrases, and direct objects. </span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">A gerund phrase can be used as follows:</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">1) Subject </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">2) Predicate Nominative </span></span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">3) Object of a Preposition </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">4) Direct Object</span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Common verbs that can be followed by gerunds:</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">admit appreciate avoid deny discuss </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">enjoy practice consider finish give up </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">delay take up understand stop recall</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><u>Subjects:</u></i> The gerund can be the subject of a sentence. </span></span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span><br />
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">- Reading romantic novels is my plan this summer.</span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><u><i>Predicate Nominative</i></u>: The gerund completes the meaning by a linking verb. </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">- Most of it was dazzling.</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><u>Direct Object:</u></i> Direct object can be found by subject + verb + (who or what) direct object. </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">- Cathy hates wearing her school uniform.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><u>Object of a Preposition</u></i>: The words after a preposition are said to be the object of the preposition. </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">- When the toreador entered the bullring, we turned our attention toward bullfighting. </span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> (bullfighting is the object of the preposition toward).</span></span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10665813438716639933noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-725177565611098841.post-51015743579785868822013-08-05T12:30:00.000-07:002014-10-12T11:51:43.332-07:00Difference between Phrases & Clauses<b style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">Learn to recognize phrases from clauses: </b><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">There is an evident difference between phrases and clauses. </span></span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Phrases:</i> a phrase is a group of related words lacking a subject and a predicate. </span></span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Clauses:</i> a clause is a group of related words containing both a subject and a predicate.</span></span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Both phrases and clauses are main bases of constructing a sentence. When combined with other parts of speech, they help build an elaborate system that carry away your meaning. Recognizing the difference between the two main bases of a sentence is essential to build a correct and well composed sentences.</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">A phrase is often defined as a group of related words that lacks subject and verb integration and does not form a predicate. It can contain a noun or a verb. Mainly, a phrase can provide additional information or add more context to the sentences you write. A phrase can never stand alone as a sentence; however, a phrase can lodge itself inside clauses that are either complete sentences on their own or ones that are dependent on the rest of the sentence. When a phrase is within a clause, it functions as a part of speech. </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> Phrases are generally grouped as follows:</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> - Verb Phrases - Infinitive Phrases</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> - Noun Phrases - Participial Phrases</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> - Gerund Phrases - Prepositional Phrases</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Clauses are the building blocks of sentences. A clause is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb. It can be simply distinguished from a phrase, which is a group of related words that does not contain a subject-verb relationship, such as "in the evening" or "walking down the street" or "having grown used to this ill treatment.” Like phrases, clauses are also classified as restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses. A nonrestrictive clause is not essential to the meaning of the sentence; it can be removed from the sentence without changing its basic meaning. </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">There are two kinds of clauses: independent and dependent. Clauses are combined by three groups of words to form different kinds of sentences: coordinators, subordinators, conjunctive adverbs, and by means of a semicolon.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">A more detailed study is found in my ebook "Sentence Structure Guide" which is available on Apple iTunes and iBookstore. </span></div>
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